The activity pattern of the eruption was comparable to that of the event that occurred in . University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to grow during 1-9 February. Harmonic tremor continued to saturate the instruments from 2200 on 12 April through 1600 on 14 April. Surface water temperature near the southern shore of the island is 62C. Maximum temperature of 81C was recorded in bubbling hot springs on the northern shore of the lava mass, but minimum temperature of 49C was encountered in center of the wide bay east of the island. The amount of tephra produced by the current eruption is about two orders of magnitude less than in 1902. . The viscosity of the new lava is high so that even if the dome grows to the point at which its flanks overlap the present crater rim, it is unlikely that molten lava will escape down the mountainside. Deformation studies on Soufriere, St. Vincent, between 1977 and 1981. La Soufrire, the highest peak on the Caribbean island of St. Vincent, began to explosively erupt Friday morning, forcing thousands to evacuate as ash and smoke filled the sky. Blocky lava had flowed to the N wall of the crater, reaching maximum dimensions of 725 m across and 110 m high according to their tape and compass survey. It was approximately 900 m N to S, 750 m E to W, and at least 100 m deep, based on RADAR data (figure 29). Over the past few months, experts have been watching the activity at La Soufrire on St. Vincent closely as, at first, sticky black lava oozed out to form a new lava dome at the volcano's summit. Multiple significant lahars were generated by rainfall during 28-29 April. Table 6. During the night of 10-11 April tremor lasting up to 20 minutes continued at intervals of 1.5-3 hours, associated with periods of explosions and ash emissions. Two thermal hotspots were detected using the MODVOLC thermal algorithm on 24 April. This showed that the dome had expanded to 640 m (2,130 ft) in N-S diameter at water level and 590 m (1,970 ft) from E to W. This represents an increase in both horizontal dimensions at water level by 50 m in the last 17 days. Smaller explosions continued over the. University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) and National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) reported that the lava dome in Soufrire St. Vincents main crater continued to slowly grow during 23-27 March, expanding to the N and S. Gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome, as well as along the contact with the pre-existing 1979 dome. An island 100 m in diameter and 2 m high appeared in the lake center on 20 November. Unpublished PhD thesis, Univ West Indies, 282 p. Shepherd J B, 1989. Another seismic station and a webcam became operational, and additional instrumentation was prepped. No further eruptive activity took place until December 2020, when a new lava dome began to grow SW of the pre-existing 1979 lava dome, accompanied by increased seismicity, crater incandescence, and gas-and-steam emissions. Confirmed Eruption Five kilograms of rocks were collected from the southern end of the island. A small lahar signal was recorded at 0740 on 7 May. Another survey of the island is planned and would probably be carried out within the next two weeks, in order to determine the rate of increase in area of the island. The cooling of the lake to 66C is an indication that at present very little hot lava is in contact with the water. J. Volcanol. Crater tremors were of the order one a day since 7 March, but none have been recorded since 1 April.". Smaller lahars were recorded during the mornings of 30 April and 1 May. The Volcano Ready Communities Project, a collaboration between NEMO SVG and UWI Seismic Research Centre, distributed their volcano hazard map for the surrounding communities, in preparation for a potential evacuation (figure 9). 15 (Tomblin, 1968). Activity during January-February 2021. 1178, p. 425-533. Saint Lucia Webcams in Caribbean Islands - Live Beaches Webcams in St Lucia Webcams - Caribbean Islands Anguilla (9) Antigua & Barbuda (7) Aruba (13) Bahamas (12) Barbados (13) Belize (9) Bermuda (9) British Virgin Islands (10) Cancun (18) Cayman Islands (9) Cozumel (10) Cuba (3) Curacao (8) Dominica (3) Dominican Republic (14) Grenada (4) Starting at 1653 the monitoring network also began to detect volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes, some of which have been felt by nearby communities, including Fancy, Owia, and Sandy Bay. On 8 April UWI-SRC reported an increase in the volume of white gas-and-steam emissions rising from the summit crater and at 0300 scientists at the Belmont Observatory reported episodes of tremor that indicated the movement of magma and fluids near the surface. "During the night of 16 February and most of the day of 17 February there were widespread reports of sulfurous smells throughout southern St. Vincent and as far as the Grenadines. Confirmed Eruption, 0750 BCE 100 years Le Friant A, Boudon G, Arnulf A, Robertson R E A, 2009. Geotherm. The tremor episodes were associated with explosive activity and stronger pulses of ash emissions to higher altitudes; ash plumes rose to 10.6-16 km (35,000-52,000 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall continued to be widespread on 10 April; deposit thickness varied from less than 1 mm in Colonaire (12.5 km SSE) to 10-15 mm in Rabacca (7.4 km SSE). Card 1319 (23 November 1971) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad. Minor rockfalls continue to take place off the edges of the lava mass, but these are less frequent than in the past weeks as is also indicated by a slight decrease in the number of tremors recorded by the summit seismograph stations. The October extrusion rate was an order of magnitude less than that of late September and two orders of magnitude less than the May rate. Latest nearby quakes. Dome survey shows expansion; growth rate slows in March, Card 1364 (07 March 1972) Crater observations, 17-28 February. More seismographs are being installed and close watch continues. All Rights Reserved. and was associated with a thermal anomaly. ", Card 1358 (23 February 1972) Crater observations 12-16 February; island growth continues. Dozens of individuals have been . A series of powerful explosions from Soufrire produced large ash clouds and several pyroclastic avalanches, forcing the evacuation of more than 17,000 persons from the N end of St. Vincent. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 20: 1-56. "From the above it is clear that there is no significant difference in silica content between lava flow and pyroclastic material erupted from the Soufrire Volcano. No comprehensive survey of the island has been carried out during this period but from visual observation the general shape is still as previously described. Last Name. The lava dome continued to grow to the N and S during April, accompanied by small earthquakes and gas-and-steam emissions rising both from the top of the dome and along the contact with the pre-existing 1979 dome. Res., 179:1-10. The total number of displaced people was 12,775 by 19 April, with 6,208 people in 85 public shelters and 6,567 people (1,800 families) in private shelters. Sulfur dioxide plumes reached India. An assessment of the risk from future eruptions of the Soufriere volcano of St. Vincent, West Indies. La Fortuna - Arenal. Home; You can switch between the current (or last daylight) view from this cam and the most recent daylight view via the two thumbnail images. We are in the lower half of that range. Comparable periods of between six months and three years have been reported for dome building at volcanoes in other parts of the world. The pattern of seismicity again changed; high-amplitude tremor episodes ceased, but two low-amplitude and one high-amplitude episode were recorded during 0600-1700. Res., 19: 121-134. One rockfall was detected by the seismic network at 0139, and two were noted the next day. Products of later stages of an eruption have a lower silica content and are less explosive. The resulting ash plumes rose to 8 km altitude and drifted W. Sulfur dioxide measurements showed an average of 460 tons/day; some SO2 plumes were reported to have reached India. As of 2004, the monitoring network had consisted of five seismic stations, eight GPS stations, and several dry tilt sites. However, so long as this continues, the present monitoring system should be maintained. Though the initial explosion at 0840 showed relatively minor SO2 emissions, stronger, continuous ash and SO2 emissions began later on 9 April (at 1445) and continued into the next day, transitioning into discrete explosive events that continued a least through 14 April. Data is the average of three determinations; analysis was done by the U.S. Geological Survey. This island is composed largely of three E-W trending ridges of a black massive rock. Fiske, R., and Sigurdsson, H. Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the, EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. Confirmed Eruption, 2020 BCE 75 years Ashfall was observed in most areas of the St. Vincent Island, as well as on neighboring islands of the Grenadines (SSW), Barbados (165 km E), and Saint Lucia (50 km NNE). Pyroclastic flows overnight were channeled to the E into the Rabacca River drainage. The dome dimensions were estimated to be 340 m long, 160 m wide, and 90 m high. The Grantley Adams International Airport (GAIA) in Barbados also closed. Explosivity or notable ash venting coincided with the episodes; the spacing between explosive events increased. "There has been no further increase in the height of the island of lava since 20 March, indicating that no more lava has been introduced into the crater lake. On 26 March the period of elevated VT earthquakes stopped; only small, low frequency events associated with the growth of the lava dome were recorded. UWI-SRC noted that over the previous few days continuing lahars had mobilized boulders 5 m in diameter and were steamy in areas where they contacted hot deposits. Major explosive eruption; 17,000 evacuated. During an overflight on 26 April scientists observed white steam plumes rising from several locations on the crater floor, though visibility was poor. When the lake was at its highest level on November 20th, it was thus some 92.5 feet above the normal pre-eruption level. The gas emissions were most notable from a small depression at the top of the dome. Table 7. . Further, we had just completed a GPS campaign on the island during January 2005, which revealed nothing unusual. A second explosion at 1445 produced a vigorous ash plume that initially rose to 4 km altitude with lightning visible in the plume (figure 22). Accordingly, the Alert Level remained low at Soufriere St. Vincent. SRC collected rock samples from the new lava dome and sent them to scientists from the University of East Anglia, University of Plymouth, and University of Oxford on 16 January 2021 as a collaborative project to analyze their composition and compare them with the composition of rocks erupted in 1902, 1971, and 1979. The current eruption is a mild one and involves the growth of a volcanic dome. According to National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) the total number of displaced people was 13,154 by 21 April, with 6,208 people in 85 public shelters and 6,790 people (1,618 families) in private shelters. Geotherm. The NE rim of the 1.6-km-wide summit crater is cut by a crater (500 m wide and 60 m deep) that formed in 1812. This is the first explosive eruption at La Soufrire since 1979, although lava has been erupting at the summit since late December 2020. Soufrire St. Vincent is the northernmost and youngest volcano on St. Vincent Island. Sulfur dioxide emissions were also identified in satellite data. volcano started emitting a tall grey-tan plume, of volcanic ash into the air above the small island. Vegetation on the NW part of the crater (N of the dome) was damaged, likely due to fire. That makes the current eruption 2.4 x 10 8 m. Confirmed Eruption. Leave this field empty if you're human: Connect with us. Staff from the Soufriere Monitoring Unit of the Seismic Research Unit visited the volcano and reported that there was no increase in volcanic activity according to monitoring-station data and observations. Those eruptions lasted months, so if this cycle is similar, people may need to stay away from the volcano (and their homes) for quite a long time. The largest avalanche flowed down the Larikai River valley (figure 1) at noon on 14 April and continued beyond the mouth of the river (3 km W of the crater) several kilometers out to sea. The dome continued to grow during 27 January-2 February. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The new dome had spread over the remnants of the old crater lake by about 20 May, but a new lake had begun to form at the beginning of June because of the onset of the rainy season. Seismic data are transmitted from field sites to the Belmont Observatory (9 km SSW), which is operated by the SMU (figure 4). The day of the 17th was hazy; people put these two things together and came up with the conclusion that the volcano was acting up. Mean values for all available wet chemical analyses of Soufrire St. Vincent rocks, summarized from UWI Seismic Research Special Publication No. However, monitoring of the volcano by the Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies, continues. It is the highest peak in Saint Vincent, and has had five recorded explosive eruptions since 1718. Many of the evacuees were. Information Contacts: H.J. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Eruptions, eruption precursors and related phenomena in the Lesser Antilles. throughout the day. Ashfalls from most of the explosions were limited to a few centimeters in the N portion of St. Vincent, and small amounts on Barbados, ~150 km E. However, during the 22 April eruption (figure 2) abnormal winds dropped 4 mm of ash on Kingstown (the capital of St. Vincent), on the S end of the island. These three stations continue to record the tremors discussed above, and attributed to growth processes in the lava island. The N part of this valley is the most actively steaming area of the dome. A chemical analysis of the rock samples collected from the island on 13 December is now at hand and the following table is an average of three determinations. By 12 February the it was 90 m tall, 618 m long, 232 m wide, and had an estimated volume of 6.83 million cubic meters. Tephra is a lot less dense than dense rock: you get a larger volume out than fits in the hole. The Soufrire St. Vincent volcano's activity continues at decreasing values since the last explosive eruption on 22 April and all monitoring data indicate the end of the eruptive episode. Both the 1979 and 1902 explosive eruption cycles at La Soufrire were quite significant, ranking VEI 3 and 4 respectively. St. Vincent and the Grenadines Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves on Thursday declared a disaster alert prompted by a change in the eruptive activity at the La Soufrire volcano, according to the. Satellite radar imagery acquired on 24 April indicated possible growth at the lava dome following the explosions on 18 and 22 April. Volcanologists monitoring the volcano will need to see if the new magma erupting is more gas rich, and thus more explosive, to try to understand how this eruption might progress. 11/1971 (CSLP 92-71) Eruption causes growth of island in crater lake, 12/1971 (CSLP 92-71) Dome growth continues; lava compositions, 01/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Island now 145 feet above water level; lake temperature drops, 02/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Island growth continues; historical comparisons, 03/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Dome survey shows expansion; growth rate slows in March, 04/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Lava island stopped growth on 20 March; eruption over, 05/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Water temperature and level decrease, 06/1972 (CSLP 92-71) Water temperatures and level stabilize, 04/1979 (SEAN 04:04) Major explosive eruption; 17,000 evacuated, 05/1979 (SEAN 04:05) Explosions and seismicity end; new lava dome in summit crater, 06/1979 (SEAN 04:06) Aseismic lava extrusion persists; heavy rains generate large secondary mudflows, 07/1979 (SEAN 04:07) Lava extrusion continues, 08/1979 (SEAN 04:08) Lava extrusion slows, 09/1979 (SEAN 04:09) Lava extrusion continues, 10/1979 (SEAN 04:10) Lava extrusion virtually stopped, 11/1979 (SEAN 04:11) Lava extrusion stopped, 03/2005 (BGVN 30:03) Anomalous winds spread sulfurous odors, causing unwarranted fears, 03/2021 (BGVN 46:03) New lava dome on the SW edge of the main crater in December 2020, 05/2021 (BGVN 46:05) Intermittent explosions, ash plumes, seismicity, and a growing lava dome during March-April 2021, Eruption causes growth of island in crater lake, Card 1313 (08 November 1971) Steam and sulfurous smells from crater lake, "Disturbed conditions" have been noted from the air in the crater of . Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports. Max VEI: 4, List of 12 Events for Episode 1 at Old summit crater & new NE rim crater, 1784 Mar (in or before) It appears that La Soufrire on St. Vincent. A new swarm of VT earthquakes was detected on 5 April at 0638, the number and magnitude continued to increase until 0830, after which they stabilized. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. (1) 758 518 6106. Extensive damage to vegetation was noted along the W coast, extending from Larikai Bay to Turner Bay. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Card 1321 (01 December 1971) Lava dome growth in crater lake continues. Pele, Martinique, in 1902-05 and 1929-32. Trees brought down by lahars reached the ocean, where the floating logs created a hazard for small boats along the coastline. 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