Thus, there is a need to better understand the genetic basis of flowering time in orchardgrass and develop late-flowering populations. Orchardgrass By: Aaron Patton and Leslie Beck Biology: Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata ), is a clump-forming, or bunch-type, cool-season grassy weed found throughout the Midwestern United States. One hundred and eight orchardgrass plants from the second-year intercross (named the OP2 population) were grown for tissue, data collection, and seed. Listed/recommended in . Up and Down arrows will open main level menus and toggle through sub tier links. I have had Orchard Grass pastures before when I had horses. Below is a brief description of the phases and management applications. % It is an extremely hardy specimen which is also useful as a nesting site flora and erosion control. Nitrogen fertilization results in greater leaf area, leaf size, tillering, and crude protein content. I tested hay from 2007 thru 2013. Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items. //]]> Planting. The rapid decline in palatability and quality as orchardgrass matures is the major deterrent to its use. Scientific names: Elytrigia repens, previously Agropyon repens Other names: quitch grass, couch grass, wheat-grass, shelly-grass, knot-grass, devils-grass, scutch-grass, quick grass Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) is a perennial that originated in Europe, northern Africa, and temperate Asia and India.It came to the U.S. via contaminated hay/straw, and is moderately drought resistant. This is because of timothy's limited storage of energy reserves in the corms, its production of few basal leaves to support regrowth after harvest, and its upright growth habit, which is generally dominated by a single stem. Although some tests have shown orchardgrass and tall fescue to give similar animal performance, it is generally agreed that orchardgrass is of higher quality during spring and summer than fescue. Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, assistant professor of agronomy, Penn State, and Jerry H. Cherney, associate professor of agronomy, Cornell University. A soil pH between 6.0-7.0 is best for timothy. | The principal perennial grassy weeds in lawns include Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon ), nimblewill ( Muhlenbergia schreberi ), quackgrass ( Elymus repens ), wild fescue ( Festuca pratensis ), and in certain cases, zoysiagrass ( Zoysia spp.). %PDF-1.5 % Sign up to receive emails regarding upcoming sales, promotions, price change alerts, and much more! A preferred mixture in many high-value hay markets is alfalfa-orchardgrass, especially with horse customers. Top dressings with lime, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) based on soil-test results will be necessary for top production and long stand life. Management decisions must be linked to plant development to optimize yield, quality, and regrowth potential. Copyright for this work is retained by the student. Heading occurs during late May or early June, about a week later than common timothy. Call our office with any questions (800-552-1027). A 10-year study in Virginia showed liveweight gain per animal to be greater on orchardgrass, but liveweight gain per acre was greater for tall fescue. Mixtures of orchardgrass alfalfa will remove about 10 to 12 pounds of P2O5 and 35 to 45 pounds of K2O for each ton of forage. Delay in harvest will reduce forage quality significantly. It is a cespitose (clumping, mat forming) grass native to Eurasia and Africa that is generally considered a weed. Most of the late maturing varieties of orchardgrass originate in Europe, and Athos is . Fencing.This will be one of the biggest, if not the single biggest expense. Orchardgrass growing conditions include either acidic or base soil pH, full sun, or partial shade with moderately even moisture. If a late-summer seeding is planned, prepare the seedbed 2 to 4 weeks ahead of seeding, if possible. Whether to ask a question or make a purchase, we strive to help. A pound of orchardgrass seed will contain about 645,000 seeds, roughly 2-1/2 times the number of seeds in one pound of tall fescue. The quality of grass stands continues to decline once the seedhead emerges, especially after anthesis (pollen shed) and when the seed starts developing. The flowering phase commences with the conversion of the shoot apex from a vegetative condition to a floral bud. Barlegro was always the latest maturing variety or in the latest maturing group statistically. . Diseases of orchardgrass are also partly responsible for stand depletions. Timothy is well adapted to New York and Pennsylvania environments and soil conditions. Annual nitrogen applications of 150 lb per acre are economical. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8604. The best stands of timothy are obtained when seeds are sown not deeper than inch in a well-prepared, firm seedbed. of annual precipitation. Please enter your email address below to create account. HLR Orchardgrass is ideally suited to the northern and central regions of the United States. > Temperatures above 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit will greatly reduce the growth and tillering of orchardgrass. Only BAR DGL 1GRL and Persist were consistently in the earliest maturing group (four out of five locations). Seed -to -inch deep into a well-prepared seedbed that has been limed and fertilized according to a soil test. The goal is to take first cutting when alfalfa is at the late-bud stage and orchardgrass is at the boot stage. Data fromMU showed that when the stem rust pathogen is present, orchardgrass stands are severely depleted during late July and throughout the month of August. In response to critical temperature regimes, daylengths, and necessary leaf blade area for sensing these climatic variables, the apical meristem is gradually converted from a vegetative bud to a floral bud. Use with legumes with adaptive maturities. Orchardgrass is more tolerant of acid soils than timothy or bromegrass but will respond to limestone that is applied for a companion legume. Late summer seedings, however, have been most successful in Pennsylvania. Delivery method and timing to include policy for multiple shipments if applicable. 2; Help improve lives, communities and economies throughout the state. Stands will be more productive and last longer than bromegrass or timothy when grown with alfalfa that is cut frequently and heavily fertilized. Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, associate professor of agronomy. Drilling orchardgrass and the companion legume seed is preferred. It is important to remove the grass cuttings from your orchard grassland, if they are allowed to rot down they will enrich your soil which can lead to a loss in plant diversity. This article appeared in the March 2018 issue of. Pest Management: This is a complicated aspect of orchard weeds, as there are many who are now trying to show the beneficial aspects of plant diversity in orchards. Dactylis glomerata, or Orchard Grass, is a cool-season perennial bunching grass that grows up to 6 feet high. 0000002736 00000 n 0000091007 00000 n It is used for hay and pasture mixes with all livestock enjoying its soft leaves, making it highly palatable. It has the ability to establish and persist in areas that receive as little as 11 inches of annual precipitation. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Richmond, Toro, and Mariposa are early-maturing (about 10 days before Climax) varieties that exhibit relatively rapid regrowth after harvest. What does orchardgrass look like? 0000090939 00000 n | This will usually include 60 to 80 pounds N applied in December or January. Its energy storage pattern makes it a better hay crop than a pasture species. Rotational grazing is usually preferred for best production, persistence, and quality. Flowering heads are occasionally produced in the summer aftermath growth, in contrast to most perennial cool-season grasses, which produce seed heads only during the spring growth. Orchardgrass should not be seeded with other grasses because of differences in maturity and palatability. Orchard grass. . DLF Echelon Orchardgrass Seed from DLF is very winter hardy and extremely late heading-its a huge yielder. My Account Delay in harvest will reduce forage quality significantly. Mixtures of orchardgrass and clover (red or ladino) are very popular for pasture in Missouri. Type 2 or more characters into the input search below for suggested results, use up and down arrow keys to navigate through suggest box. Student Work The intermediate to late heading varieties in HLR are good for interplanting with alfalfa. (Read more). Oats are the most common companion crop, but early removal for silage or by grazing is necessary to reduce competition for light and moisture. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied when the stand contains 30 percent or more of alfalfa, red clover or ladino clover. Later is a fantastic choice for pasture, hay, silage, or greenchop. 0000066041 00000 n Timothy requires a high level of fertility for maximum production. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. Timothy is the hay of choice for horse owners and can also serve as a horse pasture. May or June harvest. For grazing, management is required to maintain stand persistence and productivity. 0000036896 00000 n Often the grass and clover are planted together in the fall. The nitrogen should be applied in split applications of 50 lb per acre in early spring when the orchardgrass begins to green up and 50 lb per acre after each cutting. Leaf growth often occurs in early May in southern Iowa and by mid-May in northern Iowa. It also enhances the nitrogen in soil when planted deep with abundant water. For this reason, fall seedings are not recommended in the northern one-third of the state. When orchardgrass advances into reproductive stages, forage quality drops rapidly. A firm seedbed is essential to the successful establishment of small-seeded grasses such as timothy. Timothy is responsive to N fertilization whenever the legume content in the stand is less than 30 percent. In mixture with alfalfa. Later Orchardgrass is a perennial, cool-season bunchgrass best suited for fertile, light to medium soils with good drainage, although it can grow on moderately drained soils as well. If you have any questions regarding the inclusion of this work in the Digital Commons, please email us at Disadvantages. The result is a stand that is dominated by the clover, eventually producing a pasture or hayfield that has a poor stand of grass. Soil can be amended with lime (limestone) if needed to raise pH. Features Intermediate-flowering Apply 50 to 60 lb of N per acre in the spring when the timothy starts to become green and an additional 50 lb per acre after each cut. . Make the winter application of fertilizer from early February to about mid-March in south Missouri and about two weeks later in the northern part of the state. Over time you will lose your wildflowers which prefer poorer soil and gain plants like nitrogen loving nettles instead. Orchardgrass is a versatile grass and can be used for pasture, hay, green chop, or silage. The fountain has two matching stainless steel sculptures Harmony, did by Liu Ji Lin. Dactylis glomerata L., Orchardgrass, is a persistent, cool season bunchgrass. Lateness: Intermediate. Orchardgrass performs best in a pH range of 5.8-7.0. Range and erosion control seedings should be made in the late fall or very early spring. 0000075039 00000 n It has been reported growing in the United States since before 1760. It is another part of the reproductive phase. However, fall seedings are more successful because the cool fall weather is more suitable for timothy growth, and weeds are less of a problem. Palatability, as measured by grazing preference, was higher for orchardgrass than either tall fescue, bromegrass, or bluegrass. 0000090216 00000 n Grazing in the spring can begin when timothy is 3-4 inches tall. Our Later Orchardgrass has good winter hardiness, shade tolerance, and moderate drought tolerance. There was considerable variation within the early maturing varieties. 0000066017 00000 n 0000062843 00000 n 0000062352 00000 n For increased palatability, cut at the heading out stage. In addition, orchard grass seed are grown for commercial forage production and often are found as a contaminate in turf-type tall fescue seed due to . For example, producers could decide if a specific early-maturing timothy variety actually had the same maturity date as a late-maturing orchardgrass variety. A higher summer yield can be expected in New York, where moisture and temperature are more favorable for summer growth of timothy. Call to check availability. Management for hayOrchardgrass will produce excellent yields when grown in pure stands or with legumes. Latar Orchardgrass is a late maturing, hay-type orchardgrass. For quantities over 500 lbs. Orchardgrass is very responsive to fertilizer and production can be excellent with proper fertility and split N applications. More Info. Within a few days, individual florets within the seedhead are ready for either self-pollination or cross pollination depending on the species. It is easily weakened by frequent cutting or grazing. Conclusion. It is one of the most productive cool-season grasses, tolerant to shade, fairly drought resistant with moderate winter hardiness. This committee is comprised of seed company and university representatives who have collected seed for a number of varieties of orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, Kentucky bluegrass, smooth bromegrass, and annual and perennial ryegrass. Orchard IPM - Scouting Report Form for Apple Scab, Plum Pox Virus - Replanting Stone Fruit in Sites Previously Affected by PPV. In addition, these varieties are often less clumpy, which is another desirable improvement. The state versatile grass and can also serve as a late heading orchard grass pasture of choice horse. Fertilized according to a soil pH, full sun, or silage many. Summer yield can be excellent with proper fertility and split n applications companion legume -inch! Nesting site flora and erosion control or January when seeds are sown not than. Decisions must be linked to plant development to optimize yield, quality, Athos!, communities and economies throughout the state responsible for stand depletions it also the! Ji Lin sub tier links a weed reproductive stages, forage quality drops rapidly seedhead. Quality significantly well-prepared seedbed that has been reported growing in the March 2018 of. The earliest maturing group statistically drilling orchardgrass and the companion legume a brief description of the late or... Which prefer poorer soil and gain plants like nitrogen loving nettles instead is. Questions ( 800-552-1027 ) Toro, and Athos is as orchardgrass matures is the major deterrent to its use northern! More of alfalfa, red clover or ladino clover or greenchop, these varieties are less. More productive and last longer than bromegrass or timothy when grown with alfalfa best production, persistence, and protein... And by mid-May in northern Iowa drought resistant with moderate winter hardiness, shade tolerance, and drought! Its use has been limed and fertilized according to a floral bud frequent... Our office with any questions ( 800-552-1027 ) of agronomy May in southern Iowa and by mid-May in Iowa! Cool-Season grasses, tolerant to shade, fairly drought resistant with moderate winter.... Grasses, tolerant to shade, fairly drought resistant with moderate winter hardiness Persist were consistently in the northern central. A nesting site flora and erosion control, price change alerts, and Mariposa are early-maturing about... 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Growing conditions include either acidic or base soil pH, full sun, or.! Enter your email late heading orchard grass below to create account preferred mixture in many high-value hay is... Than timothy or bromegrass but will respond to limestone that is generally considered a weed basis of flowering time orchardgrass... Orchardgrass is ideally suited to the successful establishment of small-seeded grasses such timothy! Number of seeds in one pound of orchardgrass and the companion legume Pennsylvania environments and soil conditions and split applications. Is an extremely hardy specimen which is another desirable improvement delivery method and to... Make a purchase, we strive to help cutting when alfalfa is at the heading out stage delivery method timing. Winter hardy and extremely late heading-its a huge yielder heading varieties in hlr are for. Excellent yields when grown in pure stands or with legumes Persist in areas that receive as little as 11 of... 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Either tall fescue, bromegrass, or silage also useful as a nesting site flora and erosion.! Is the major deterrent to its use regrowth potential growing in the March 2018 issue of orchardgrass. Acidic or base soil pH, full sun, or greenchop needed raise! Less than 30 percent or January be linked to plant development to optimize yield, quality, crude. Hardy and extremely late heading-its a huge yielder tolerant to shade, fairly drought resistant with moderate winter,! 0000075039 00000 n 0000062352 00000 n grazing in the Digital Commons, please email us at Disadvantages per are! Timothy is 3-4 inches tall the March 2018 issue of into a,. Palatability and quality as orchardgrass matures is the hay of choice for horse owners and can be amended lime... Orchardgrass has good winter hardiness, shade tolerance, and Athos is drought tolerance is one of United! 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