[218] Fitzgerald scholar Matthew J. Bruccoli contends Fitzgerald did in fact have recurring TB. On September 24, 1896, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born into an Irish Catholic family in St. Paul, Minnesota. Alternate titles: Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, Mellon Foundation Professor of Humanities, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. After six weeks, Zelda asked for a divorce. [236], Soon after, a lonely Fitzgerald began a relationship with nationally syndicated gossip columnist Sheilah Graham, his final companion before his death. Following the deterioration of his wife's mental health and her placement in a mental institute for schizophrenia, Fitzgerald completed his final novel, Tender Is the Night (1934). [394], Throughout his literary career, Fitzgerald often drew upon the private correspondence, diary entries, and life experiences of other persons to use in his fiction. [297] He discarded the stodgy narrative technique of most novels and instead unspooled the plot in the form of textual fragments, letters, and poetry intermingled together. [289][360], This preoccupation with the idle lives of America's leisure class in Fitzgerald's fiction attracted criticism. [74] He decided to make one last attempt to become a novelist and to stake everything on the success or failure of a book. [78] Critics such as H. L. Mencken hailed the work as the best American novel of the year,[79] and newspaper columnists described the work as the first realistic American college novel. [a][3] His mother was Mary "Molly" McQuillan Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer. [223] From 1933 to 1937, he was hospitalized for alcoholism eight times. "[398], Fitzgerald continued this practice throughout his life. He was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott, one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. [31] Her imperious father Charles Garfield King purportedly told a young Fitzgerald that "poor boys shouldn't think of marrying rich girls. Mrs. Hanson was a pretty, somewhat faded woman of forty, who sold corsets and girdles, travelling out of Chicago. [306] With the publication of The Beautiful and Damned, editor Max Perkins and others commended the conspicuous evolution in the quality of his prose. [119] Fitzgerald wished to halt the show and disavow the production. He is boozing in a wild manner and has become a nuisance. "[106] In Fitzgerald's eyes, the era represented a morally permissive time when Americans became disillusioned with prevailing social norms and obsessed with self-gratification. [414] His third novel The Great Gatsby has been adapted numerous times for both film and television, most notably in 1926, 1949, 1958, 1974, 2000, and 2013. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [175] At one party they outraged guests Ronald Colman and Constance Talmadge by a prank: They requested their watches and, retreating into the kitchen, boiled the expensive timepieces in a pot of tomato sauce. To escape the life that they feared might bring them to this end, the Fitzgeralds (together with their daughter, Frances, called Scottie, born in 1921) moved in 1924 to the Riviera, where they found themselves a part of a group of American expatriates whose style was largely set by Gerald and Sara Murphy; Fitzgerald described this society in his last completed novel, Tender Is the Night, and modeled its hero on Gerald Murphy. Omissions? [357][358] This recurrent theme is ascribable to Fitzgerald's life experiences in which he was "a poor boy in a rich town; a poor boy in a rich boy's school; a poor boy in a rich man's club at Princeton. In the intensity with which it is imagined and in the brilliance of its expression, it is the equal of anything Fitzgerald ever wrote, and it is typical of his luck that he died of a heart attack with his novel only half-finished. [257] Watched by onlookers, he remarked in a strained voice to Graham, "I suppose people will think I'm drunk. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. I think I started then to be a writer." [38] When he submitted the manuscript to publishers, Scribner's rejected it,[39] although the impressed reviewer, Max Perkins, praised Fitzgerald's writing and encouraged him to resubmit it after further revisions. [59] Fitzgerald wrote to Zelda frequently, and by March 1920, he had sent Zelda his mother's ring, and the two became officially engaged. [171] Soon after, Zelda threw herself down a flight of marble stairs at a party because Fitzgerald, engrossed in talking to Isadora Duncan, ignored her. [193] In his private diary, Mencken noted Zelda "went insane in Paris a year or so ago, and is still plainly more or less off her base. [126][127] Although Fitzgerald admired the rich, he possessed a smoldering resentment towards them. [209] As writer Budd Schulberg recalled, "my generation thought of F. Scott Fitzgerald as an age rather than a writer, and when the economic stroke of 1929 began to change the sheiks[i] and flappers into unemployed boys or underpaid girls, we consciously and a little belligerently turned our backs on Fitzgerald. . [143] The couple never spoke of the incident,[144] but the episode led to a permanent breach in their marriage. [241] He repeatedly attempted sobriety, had depression, had violent outbursts, and attempted suicide. The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith. 5 Life Lessons From F. Scott Fitzgerald March 26, 2019 marks the 99th anniversary of the world first becoming acquainted with one of the most unmistakable figures of the Jazz age. In The Great Gatsby, the Jazz Age is integral to the plot. The Peacock Inn, Princeton, New Jersey. [384] His friend Edmund Wilson concurred with Millay's assessment and averred that Fitzgerald was a gifted writer with a vivid imagination who did not have any intellectual ideas to express. The career of its hero, Monroe Stahr, is based on that of the producer Irving Thalberg. Both F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Sayre had other sexual partners prior to their first meeting and courtship. [270] The few critics who were familiar with his work regarded him as a failed alcoholicthe embodiment of Jazz Age decadence. [29] Although Ginevra loved him,[30] her upper-class family belittled Scott's courtship because of his lower-class status compared to her other wealthy suitors. August 31, 2005. Although she initially rejected Fitzgerald's marriage proposal due to his lack of financial prospects, Zelda agreed to marry him after he published the commercially successful This Side of Paradise (1920). When I was little I got to see a huge spread of them," she notes. His mother was from a wealthy family, and his father, Edward, was a furniture manufacturer. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. F. Scott Fitzgerald, in full Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, (born September 24, 1896, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.died December 21, 1940, Hollywood, California), American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being The Great Gatsby (1925). [407] Later authors Budd Schulberg and Edward Newhouse were deeply affected by it, and John O'Hara acknowledged its influence on his work. [205] The novel did not sell well upon publication, with approximately 12,000 sold in the first three months,[206] but, like The Great Gatsby, the book's reputation has since grown significantly.[207]. [347][348], The perception of Fitzgerald as the chronicler of the Jazz Age and its insouciant youth led various societal figures to denounce his writings. Throughout the novel, readers can see evidence of the "roaring twenties.". [117], Following Fitzgerald's adaptation of his story "The Vegetable" into a play, in October 1922, he and Zelda moved to Great Neck, Long Island, to be near Broadway. Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1896 to an Irish-Catholic family, Fitzgerald was named after a famous distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, author of "The Star-Spangled Banner.". The family tree for F. Scott Fitzgerald is still in progress. [346] "No generation of Americans has had a chronicler so persuasive and unmaudlin" as Fitzgerald, Van Allen wrote in 1934, and no author was so identified with the generation recorded. [171] Zelda found condoms he had purchased before any encounter occurred, and a bitter quarrel ensued, resulting in lingering jealousy. [159] Most notable among them was a relatively unknown Ernest Hemingway, whom Fitzgerald first met in May 1925 and grew to admire. Updated on August 02, 2019. [179] Consequently, she pursued a relationship with him. "The ability to hold two competing thoughts in one's mind and still be able to function is the mark of a superior mind". [261] When Fitzgerald's poorly embalmed corpse arrived in Bethesda, Maryland, only thirty people attended his funeral. My poems (10) Titles list Rain Before Dawn THE dull, faint patter in the drooping hours Drifts in upon my sleep and fills my hair With damp; the burden of the heavy air [50] Dispatched back to the base near Montgomery to await discharge, he renewed his pursuit of Zelda. F Scott Fitzgerald's ultra-modernist novel about jazz-age America would be called The Great Gatsby, and one anonymous reviewer spoke for most of its first readers in describing it as "one of the . [232][233] Despite earning his highest annual income up to that point ($29,757.87, equivalent to $560,922 in 2021),[232] Fitzgerald spent the bulk of his income on Zelda's psychiatric treatment and his daughter Scottie's school expenses. But he's buried in Rockville,. "[74] Despite mutual reservations,[87][88] they married in a simple ceremony on April3, 1920, at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. Scribner's prepared an initial print run of 20,000 copies. F. Scott Fitzgerald, in full Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, (born September 24, 1896, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.died December 21, 1940, Hollywood, California), American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being The Great Gatsby (1925). [344] He riveted the nation's attention upon the activities of their sons and daughters cavorting in the rumble seat of Bearcat roadster on a lonely road and sparked a societal debate over their perceived immorality. [97], Fitzgerald's ephemeral happiness mirrored the societal giddiness of the Jazz Age, a term which he popularized in his essays and stories. [222] By 1935, alcoholism disrupted Fitzgerald's writing and limited his mental acuity. The world's most glamorous have flocked to Hotel du Cap since Scott's day: his friends Gerald and Sara Murphy, the models for Dick and Nicole Diver, once rented the hotel for an entire summer,. Fitzgerald was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott Fitzgerald, one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. [387] Wilson also pressed Fitzgerald to support causes like the defense of Sacco and Vanzetti, but Fitzgerald had no interest in activism,[387] and he became annoyed to even read articles about the politically-fraught Sacco and Vanzetti case, which became a cause clbre among American literati during the 1920s. The Great Gatsby (1925), the novel for which Fitzgerald has become most well known, met only limited success upon its publication. [217] Beginning that year, Fitzgerald mocked himself as a Hollywood hack through the character of Pat Hobby in a sequence of 17 short stories. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. 3. "Nobody was interested in politics," Fitzgerald declared of this particular generation,[392] and, as "it was characteristic of the Jazz Age that it had no interest in politics at all",[393] Fitzgerald's fiction reflected the contemporary zeitgeist's perfunctory cynicism and aversion to political crusades in the wake of Prohibition. [138] Initially titled Trimalchioan allusion to the Latin work Satyriconthe plot followed the rise of a parvenu who seeks wealth to win the woman he loves. This is Fitzgeralds most moving book, though it was commercially unsuccessful. [305], For his sophomore effort, Fitzgerald discarded the trappings of collegiate bildungsromans and crafted an "ironical-pessimistic" [sic] novel in the style of Thomas Hardy's oeuvre. . In 1929, the Fitzgeralds spent their last summer on the Riviera. [120] Mired in debt by the play's failure, Fitzgerald wrote short stories to restore his finances. He was an author, lawyer, and poet from Maryland, United States. 00:00. [386], Wilson attempted to convince Fitzgerald to write about America's social problems, but Fitzgerald did not believe that fiction should be used as a political instrument. [363], Following Fitzgerald's death, scholars focused on how Fitzgerald's fiction dissects the entrenched class disparities in American society. [248] Both assignments went uncredited. Shortly after their arrival in France, Fitzgerald completed his most brilliant novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). [333][334] In this fashion, he quickly became one of the highest-paid magazine writers of his era and he earned $4,000 per story from the Saturday Evening Post at the apex of his fame. Remember? [178] Fitzgerald was 31 years old and past his prime, but the smitten Moran regarded him as a sophisticated, handsome, and gifted writer. This is Fitzgeralds final attempt to create his dream of the promises of American life and of the kind of man who could realize them. Half the time he thought of himself as the heir of his fathers tradition, which included the author of The Star-Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key, after whom he was named, and half the time as straight 1850 potato-famine Irish. As a result he had typically ambivalent American feelings about American life, which seemed to him at once vulgar and dazzlingly promising. Although he achieved temporary popular success and fortune in the 1920s, Fitzgerald received critical acclaim only after his death and is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. "[32][33], Rejected by Ginevra as an unsuitable match, a suicidal Fitzgerald enlisted in the United States Army amid World WarI and received a commission as a second lieutenant. [170] Fitzgerald decided to have sex with a prostitute to prove his heterosexuality. 22. [122] When not writing, Fitzgerald and his wife continued to socialize and drink at Long Island parties. [296] Although Fitzgerald imitated the plot of Mackenzie's novel, his debut work differed remarkably due to its experimental style. [70] Unable to earn a successful living, Fitzgerald publicly threatened to jump to his death from a window ledge of the Yale Club,[d][72] and he carried a revolver daily while contemplating suicide. [323] Echoing this assertion, critics John V. A. Weaver and Edmund Wilson insisted that Fitzgerald imbued the Jazz Age generation with the gift of self-consciousness while simultaneously making the public aware of them as a distinct cohort. And according to biographers, his "crazy" wife Zelda seems to be his victim, not the other way round. riding in a taxi one afternoon between very tall buildings under a mauve and rosy sky; I began to bawl because I had everything I wanted and knew I would never be so happy again.

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